A - Canada purchased Alaska from Russia, or occupied it since troubles in Russian mainland
B - CSA won the Civil War and later annexed Northern Mexico; Baja California was occupied by the US and Yucatan broke away from Mexico in the aftermath
C - Gran Colombia was reunited, Bolivia invaded western half of Paraguay and won the Salpeter War, Patagonia broke away from Argentina (settled by French government, supporting Orélie-Antoine de Tounens?), giving Tierra del Fuego to Chile
D- United Ireland became independant, although Ulster has an autonomous status
E-Austria-Hungary broke away in the several Balkanic states, Austria was annexed by the German Empire and Bulgaria is the greatest and most powerful Balkanic state.
F-Ottoman Empire broke away in Turkey, Greater Syria, Iraq and Kurdistan, but maintained itself in its southern provinces relying on their Islamic roots, and expanding to Tunisia and Sudan.
G-Russia experienced a terrible civil war, leading to the occupation of southern Kamchatka by Japan, the independance of Caucasian states, a Greater Turkestani State (that the Tadjiks refused to join), Finland, and the establishment of a German client state of Poland-Lithuania. Ukraine, Estonia and Latvia are still comprised in the Russian state, but in an autonomous status.
H-Pakistan won a war with India and annexed large chunks of this state
I - Mongolia was overtaken by the Chinese in a gallant last stand
J - Ethiopia felt in a civil war or was divided by settlers
K-Scotland broke away from England
L-Zaire was not settled by Belgium and was subsequently divided between many powers
I think the POD is the South winning the Civil War.